Standards

This part of ISO/IEC 20000 represents an industry consensus on quality standards for IT service management processes . These service management processes deliver the best possible service to meet a customer's business needs within agreed resource levels, i.e. Service that is professional cost-effective and with risks which are understood and managed.

The fieldbus data link layer provide basic time-critical messaging communication between devices in an automation environment. The purpose of this part of IEC 61158 is to define eight distinct and non- interoperable fieldbus Data link protocols. Each protocol defined in this standard is most most closely related to and lies within the field of application of the corresponding services of IEC 61158-3. the fieldbus data link services definition .

This part of IEC 61850 specifies the specific communication service mappings for the communication between bay and process level and if specifies a mapping on a serial unidirectional multidrop point point to point link in accordance with IEC 60044-8. This part of IEC 61850 specifies a mapping of the abstract service for the transmission of sampled values ( as defined in IEC 61850-7-2 ) on a serial unidirectional multidrop point link in accordance with IEC 60044-8. It applies to the communication between merging units of electronic current (ECT) or voltage-transformers (EVT) and bay devices such as protection relays. If higher requirements on sampling rate. further sampling measured value data sets in addition to the universal data set. inter-bay communication and synchronization apply, these will be covered by IEC 61850-9-2 Figure 1 show the schematics of this interface.

This part of IEC defines the specific communication services mapping (SCSM) for the transmission of sampled values according to the abstract specification in IEC 61850-7-2. The mapping is that of the abstract model on a mixed stack using access to an ISO/IEC 8802-3 link for the transmission of the samples in combination with IEC 61850-8-1.

This part of the ISO/IEC 9314 specifies the Media access control (MAC) the middle sublayer of the data link layer (DLL) for fiber distributed data interface (FDD). FDDI (ISO/IEC 9314) provides a high- bandwidth (100 Mbits) general - purpose interconnection among information processing systems, subsystems and peripheral equipment, using fiber optics or other transmission media. (FDDI can be configured to support a sustained data transfer rate of at least 80 Mbits/s (10 Mbyte/s). FDDI provides connectively for many nodes distributed over distances of many kilometers in extent. Certain default parameter values for FDDI (eg. timer settings) are calculated on the basis of up to 1000 transmission links or up to 200 km total fiber path length (typically corresponding to 500 nodes and 100 km of dual fiber cable, respectively) however, the FDDI protocols can support much larger networks by increasing these parameter values.

This International standard defines an input/output bus for interconnecting computers and peripheral devices. It defines extensions to the small computer system interface (ISO 9316:1989), referred to herein to herein as SCSI-1. Its also provides more complete standardization of the previously characteristics of the interface to allow inter-operability of conforming devices. This International standards is referred to herein as SCS1-2. The term SCS1 is used wherever it is not necessary between the two version

This International standard defines the common access method (CAM) for the small computer systems interface (SCSI). The purpose of this International standard is to define a method whereby multiple environments may adopt a common procedure for the support of SCSI devices. The CAM provides a structural method for supporting peripherals with the software (e.g. device driver) and hardware (e.g. host bus adapter) associated with any computer.

The scope of the International Building Code® (IBC®) includes all buildings except detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses up to three stories. For the most current adoptions details go to International Code Adoptions

The 2018 IBC contains many important changes such as:

• Accessory storage spaces of any size are now permitted to be classified as part of the occupancy to which they are accessory.
• New code sections have been introduced addressing medical gas systems and higher education laboratories.
• Use of fire walls to create separate buildings is now limited to only the determination of permissible types of construction based on allowable building area and height.
• Where an elevator hoistway door opens into a fire-resistance-rated corridor, the opening must be protected in a manner to address smoke intrusion into the hoistway.
• The occupant load factor for business uses has been revised to one occupant per 150 square feet.
• Live loads on decks and balconies increase the deck live load to one and one-half times the live load of the area served.
• The minimum lateral load that fire walls are required to resist is five pounds per square foot.
• Wind speed maps updated, including maps for the state of Hawaii. Terminology describing wind speeds has changed again with ultimate design wind speeds now called basic design wind speeds.
• Site soil coefficients now correspond to the newest generation of ground motion attenuation equations (seismic values).
• Five-foot tall wood trusses requiring permanent bracing must have a periodic special inspection to verify that the required bracing has been installed.
• New alternative fastener schedule for construction of mechanically laminated decking is added giving equivalent power-driven fasteners for the 20-penny nail.
• Solid sawn lumber header and girder spans for the exterior bearing walls reduce span lengths to allow #2 Southern Pine design values.